Magnesium, like calcium, is an essential bone matrix mineral that promotes healthy bone metabolism. Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption and reduces urinary calcium loss, essential mechanisms for maintaining healthy calcium levels in the body and for healthy bone composition. A 7-year study involving 36,282 women indicated that combined supplementation of calcium and vitamin D may have promoted healthy hip bones. Boron supports calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and vitamin D metabolism and plays a role in reducing urinary calcium and magnesium excretion. In addition, it may strengthen the connective structure in bone matrix. Silica is a component of connective tissue and studies have suggested that it supports bone and collagen formation. A cross-sectional study involving 2,847 people suggests that optimal silicon intake is positively related to bone mineral health, particularly for cortical bone. Research suggests xylitol may help facilitate intestinal absorption and retention of calcium, as well as promote healthy bone structure and strength. **When providing adequate calcium throughout life as a part of a well-balanced diet.